Gas Chromatography

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY EXPERIMENT The purpose of this experiment is for the student: 1)to learn the general theoretical aspects of gas chromatography as a separation method, 2)to learn how to operate gas chromatographs specific to COD, 3)to become familiar with using the gas chromatograph (GC) to qualitatively identify components of mixtures, 4)to be introduced to and to interpret the quantitative data available via gas chromatography, 5)to gain insight into how the GC technique is used in the chemical industry both as a qualitative and quantitative tool.As a means of accomplishing these objectives, we will attempt to identify the three major organic components of two different kinds of nail polish remover. PRELAB ASSIGNMENT Read Technique 22 in Pavia, 4th ed. Be sure that you understand the components of a gas chromatograph and the factors affecting separation. Pay particular attention to the definitions of retention time and resolution and how the GC can be used for qualitative analysi s.  ·Fill out a gold sheet for all compounds present in the purple nail polish remover as listed below. Write a procedural flow chart for the experiment. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Each student will be required to make at least one injection into the GC. Each student will also be a member of a group and will share information and chromatograms with other group members and between groups. All GC injections will be one micro-liter â€Å"sandwiched injections†. The procedure for preparing the syringe is described below.  ·Place your sample in a small test-tube.  ·Rinse the syringe three times with your sample.  ·Draw approximately 1 micro-liter of air into the syringe. Draw 2 or 3 micro-liters of your sample into the syringe with the air.  ·Turn the syringe so that the tip of the needle is pointing up and expel liquid from the syringe until only 1 micro-liter of liquid remains in the syringe.  ·Pull the plunger back and draw in approximately 1 micro-liter of air. You now have a 1 micro-liter sample â€Å"sandwiched† between two air bubbles. Your group will be assigned either regular (purple) Revlon nail polish remover or acetone-free (blue) Revlon nail polish remover. The contents are listed below.Your group must gather enough information to be able to identify the three major peaks in the gas chromatogram for your assigned nail polish remover. Acetone, ethyl acetate, and isopropyl alcohol in addition to the two nail polish removers will be available as samples for injection. You may use these chemicals to make mixtures that you will inject into the GC. You may not inject any of these neat liquids (pure chemical samples) because the column may become overloaded and the peaks will show a lot of trailing.When analyzing the data and planning your mixtures, keep in mind that our GC's have flame ionization detectors that do not detect non-flammable substances such as water. Someone in the group will need to inject the assigned nail polish remover into a GC and wait for the instrument to record the chromatogram. While the GC is cooling down, label the chromatogram with your name, the name of your sample, and the number of the GC which was used. Have the instructor initial the original chromatogram.When the â€Å"ready† indicator light turns green on the GC, another member of the group should make an injection into the same GC in order to have the same experimental conditions for comparisons of results. The chemical make up of this second and subsequent injections should be determined after consultation within the group. You must get the approval of the instructor before making any mixtures for injection into the GC. Each person must submit at least one original initialed chromatogram attached to the cover sheet.All other chromatograms will be obtained from your partners and by exchanging data within a group. The second type of nail polish will be analyzed using class data that will be provided by your instructor. The labels on the two nail polish removers list the contents of each in the following order: PURPLE Nail Polish|BLUE Nail Polish| acetone|ethyl acetate| water|isopropyl alcohol| ethyl acetate|water| isopropyl alcohol|jojoba oil| benzophenone-1|butyl alcohol| dyes|butyl acetate| |toluene| |dyes|

The Uses And Effects Of Fuel Cells Environmental Sciences Essay

First I would wish to state that Fuel cells are considered a specific device which converts the chemical power to a fuel ( natural gas, H and gasolene. The air or O may be converted besides into electricity. The fuel cell operates like a battery peculiarly. Unlike a battery nevertheless, a fuel cell does non run down or necessitate recharging. But it will bring forth the electricity and heat every bit long as fuel and an oxidant are supplied. Hydrogen is one of the most important picks for all the cells of fuel. There are more of gases, like N which is provided in the air have a dilution consequence on the fuel cell ‘s public presentation. And it was noticed besides that there are other gases have an consequence on the fuel cells like CH4 and CO, and it depending on the sort of fuel cell, which the CO is a toxicant to fuel cells to run at comparatively low temperatures, such as the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. It is important to advert that CO can be used straight as a fuel for the high temperature fuel cells like the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. Every fuel cell with its specific electrolyte will accept the different gases as fuels and experience toxic condition or dilution. Therefore, the system of gas supply should be tailored to a specific sort of fuel cell. The procedure: Fuel cells are considered the basic electrochemical cells and operate following the same indispensable mechanism as the batteries which work every twenty-four hours. However, unlike batteries, where all of the chemicals are used in cells which are contained and when the reaction is finished wholly the battery is dead, fuel cells have stable flow of fresh chemicals to the cell and so in theory have an limitless life. sprint-nextel-to-expand-hydrogen-fuel-cell-deployment.jpg Hydrogen fuel cells, that are the most used, alter the flows of H and O to supply us the H2O ( H2O ) and to hold the electricity from this procedure. On 1s manus, the anode, H is forced through the Pt pulverization where it is ionized: 2H2 == & A ; gt ; 4H+ + 4e- . The negatrons so pass through the external circuit, where their flow can be harnessed as electricity, on their manner to the cathode. But on the other manus, the cathode: O is traveling to respond with the merchandises from the anode to bring forth H2O: O2 + 4H+ + 4e- == & A ; gt ; 2H2O. Along with heat, this is the lone by merchandise of the H fuel cell: the reactants are usually to the full utilised. The fuel cells is traveling to bring forth the electricity through the chemical procedure. And this procedure means that they are non capable to the Carnot Limit It is needed to cognize what Carnot bound is: ( it is a theoretical bound sing the efficiency of the engine depending on the flow of heat between the 2 reservoirs ) , and that they can efficaciously pull out more energy from fuel than combustion-based methods. Traditional internal burning engines typically have efficiencies of around 30 % , whereas fuel cells can accomplish 40-70 % efficiency. The usage: We can establish the Hydrogen in assorted organic compounds, and it was noticed besides that the hydrocarbons which make up many of the traditional fuels, like the gasolene, methyl alcohol and eventually natural gas. Hydrogen can be separated from hydrocarbons by the application of heat: It is the procedure which is known as reforming. Most of H is made by utilizing this manner from the natural gas. The current of electricity can be used to divide the H2O for its constituents of ( O / H ) . This procedure is named by the electrolysis. Some of bacteriums can utilize the sunshine as their energy beginning, NASA had used the H fuel cells to establish the bird of the infinite. Hydrogen is considered high in supplying energy, and the engine burns pure H which it will non bring forth any pollutants in this procedure. NASA has used liquid H from the seventeenth to impel the infinite bird and many projectiles to revolve. Hydrogen fuel cells can supply the power and energy for the bird ‘s electrical systems, and it will bring forth the clean by-product, which the crew drinks. The Fuel cells are considered the assuring engineering to be usage in the hereafter as a beginning of electricity and heat of the edifices, and as an electrical power beginning for electric motors impeling vehicles. Fuel cells will run the best and the most pure H. But the fuels such as natural gas, gasolene and methyl alcohol can be reformed to bring forth the H which is needed for fuel cells. Some fuel cells can be fueled in direct manner with methyl alcohol, without utilizing ( reformist ) . hydrogen.jpg In the hereafter, H could be seen with the electricity as the most of import energy bearers. An energy bearer shall transport and present the energy to be used by the consumers. The renewable energy beginnings, such as the air current and moving ridges and sunshine ca n't supply us with the energy all the clip. But they could bring forth electric energy and H which it can be stored till it ‘s needed. Hydrogen can besides be transported to locations where it is needed. THE Cost: The entire cost of Hydrogen4.00 dollar and the gasolene gallon equivalent? howafuelcellworks4.jpg It was proposed that the H shall be electrolyzed with the electricity to bring forth by the air current or sunshine. Here is the existent scoop on what it will be you to drive if this happens. Let ‘s presume for the minute which the air current and its bring forthing the electricity will be.075 / kWh. This is a sensible figure which has been born out in bing installings. Here is the list of premises: 10kW system will be about 33,000.00 dollar The Wind is available at full power 25 per centum of the twenty-four hours, produces 60kWh ‘s per twenty-four hours. 20 twelvemonth life span, it will bring forth 438,000 k.Wh ‘s over life-time of system 60 kWh every twenty-four hours ( 365 yearss in the twelvemonth ) = 21900 kWh in the twelvemonth 21900 kWh in the twelvemonth ( 20 old ages ) will be 438,000 kWh Lifetime The H ‘s denseness reaches to 0.0899 kgs gm in each three-dimensional metre, so it needs 4.8 kWh to hold 0.0899 kilo gm of H or 53.4 kWh per gasolene gallon equivalent. The environmental consequence: The H fuel cells and its development are considered as an alternate fuel is good for the environment, but how does that work? It is easy to state that we should utilize H fuel cell engineering to salvage our environment and prohibition planetary heating. We can establish some of facts about it and encompassing those facts can be two really different things. First, allow us state that there are some of facts trade with the H fuel cells are good for the environment due to holding the cleanest combustion fuels of all time developed. Hydrogen was extracted from the H2O and so we managed to set it into the fuel cells as a gas that can power a vehicle. The lone emanation that comes out of a fuel cell powered vehicle is H2O vapour. It is like holding a humidifier for the whole universe Decision: It is known that the H fuel cells had high efficiency ( from 40: 70 % ) the possibility of using both electricity and heat from them will do an of import part to cut down the emanations which will bring forth in atmosphere. Such as the fuel cell runing at 60 per centum, the efficiency would breathe from 35 to 60 per centum less than CO2 at the dodo fuel phase and 80 per centum less from H. The beginnings of energy which will be used in the hereafter will hold to be cleaner and more efficient than current beginnings ; the fuel cells fulfill these demands. Several challenges remain before we will see wide-spread commercialisation, chiefly because of limitations with cost, dependability, size and safety, but an environmentally friendly beginning of power is decidedly on its manner.

Cafe Amadeo Development Cooperative Essay

In September 24, 2014, Technological Institute of the Philippines (TIP) – Quezon City had a plant tour. It is one requirement in our course’s Production and Operation Management. Our two organizations that we went are in Cafe Amadeo Development Cooperative and in Tri-R Allied Industries, INC. Both of them are really exciting when we heard about those organizations that we will be going for. Our mission here is to get knowledge and to apply it for ourselves in our future work. It was very educational because we saw the processes of how they do the coffee and also the parts of the vehicle. But before all, my classmates and I met within the school at 4:30am exactly because we do not want to make us left the bus so we go ahead for our assurance. The bus leave at school at exactly 7o’clock in the morning. After traveling of almost 3 hours, we finally arrived in Cavite at 10:30 in the morning. We started to discover, observe and learn in Cafà © Amadeo Development Cooperative organization. Their exact place is at Barangay 6, Poblacion, Amadeo, Cavite. This is the logo and actual view of their business, Cafà © Amadeo has their general purpose, vision and mission. Here are they; GENERAL PURPOSE To promote the cooperative as way of life by improving the social and  economic well-being of the people. VISION The country leading cooperative that produces and distributes quality coffee. MISSION Produce and offer quality products and services through technologically advanced capabilities its members. Develop professional officers and management team encourge thrift and savings consciousness. In their organization, you should be truly honest and loyal. They held that kind of value. Mrs. Agnes, the spokes man told us that Cafà © Amadeo was started on June 28, 2002 with only 20 members. They have an investment of â‚ ±137,500.00 when Cafà © Amadeo started, but it is just bit of their money. The coffee millers and traders of Amadeo were taking the amount of coffee. Their coffee before were worth rage of â‚ ±450.00 – â‚ ±500.00 per cut. Per cut is about 1 kilo and it has coffee pod yet. The usual coffee before was too expensive but because the coffee was lack of supply, they washout the coffee. Most farmers before usually gets their livelihood in coffee, like Mrs. Agnes’ life. So they take another economical as farming pineapples and papayas because coffee was almost a year when you are harvest it. But the good news here is, the DTI, DOST, and Provincial Municipal helps their cooperative to promote their products. Their cooperative consists of Farmers, Traders, and Millers. All the members are encouraged to sell and to add capital. It has also set up five market outlets, three in Cavite, one in Paraà ±aque City and lately in San Fernando, Pampanga. From now on, the cooperative is fast growing and keeping to its mission of continually supplying best grade coffee beans and ground coffee for the entire benefit of Amadeo Coffee farmers (4,560) in general and of its members in particular. They has a different kinds of coffee and this is the, Arabica Coffee, Liberica / Baracco Roasted Coffee, Robusta, and Excelsa. Mrs.Agnes told us that Arabica Coffee is commonly in Davao, Baguio and Benguet because it springing up in high and cold areas. Liberica/Baracco Roasted Coffee produces big beans, resistant to drought. The pulp is very thick and it takes 40 days to dry. Robusta is the number 1 soluble of coffee and most preferred by coffee growers. It dries in 15 days and since the pulp easily separates from the beans, it takes least effort to clean. Excelsa, which is secondly to Baracco. Excelsa is also resistant to drought and takes 25 days to dry. With  a pulp that does not separate from the beans when milled. PROCESS OF CAFÉ AMADEO The process used by Cafà © Amadeo is continuous because there is a very high volume of nondiscrete, highly standardized output is desired and their products have almost no variety in output and no need for equipment flexibility. It is used to manufacture, produce, or process materials without interruption. It also produces greatest quantity of a product over the time. Continuous-flow production requires products for which the same level of quality can be reliably achieved as long as the process of manufacture and the ingredients are unchanged. A production worker in continuous production commonly works in rotating shifts. So that I think they used Job rotation which means having workers periodically exchange jobs to avoid having one or a few employees stuck in a monotonous job because some of the employees will be get bored from their jobs because some of the responsibility there is only putting coffees into their packages or to wait the coffee from machine. As what I remembered from the speaker, they chose Amadeo province because since then Amadeo is one of the places that already engaging in coffee farming and coffee is Amadeo’s major crop for trade. There is a very high volume of nondiscrete, highly standardized output is desired and their products have almost no variety in output and no need for equipment flexibility. Continuous-flow production requires products for which the same level of quality can be reliably achieved as long as the process of manufacture and the ingredients are unchanged. They’re also using Product layout, product layout in the sense that there is a flow in the production of coffees or there are step by step processes. From work station 1 to work station 2 and so on and so for. Cafà © Amadeo their stores are located near towns in different places in Cavite so that it can easily be seen by the travelers and also they can be easily recognized by their customers. When it comes to working condition their work places are full of ventilations and sound proof mirrors so that their workers cannot be bothered by any distractions such as heat and other factors that can affect their works. VISION To be the most preferred manufacturing solution provider MISSION AND GOALS PROFITS-To have a sustainable growth of 20% annually and to maximize profit margin. PEOPLE-Proud and Happy associates. PORTFOLIO- To be an industry market leader and game changer. PARTNERS- To be preferred name the industry. PLANET- To be an environmental friendly company. PRODUCTIVITY- Promote effective management of people time and money TRI-R ALLIED INDUSTRIES INC. PROCESS CAPABILITIES STAMPING Metal stamping presses range from 35 – 600 tons for manufacturing seat frames and automotive parts. PAINTING/PLATING Bare metal parts are pre-treated before powder coating at 240 degrees C. Aside from painting, engaged also in in-house plating. WELDING Welding process occupies a large part of automotive parts manufacturing. From thin metal sheets to form structures. Welding processes include resistance welding, arc and gas welding using welding assembly jigs. SEWING AND SEAT ASSEMBLY The company cut, saw and assembled motorcycle dual seat assembly using PVC leatherette. Pad cushion and bottom plate. FOAM INJECTION Two components chemicals are used both for automotive and motorcycle seat pads. MACHINING The in-house machining centre fabricates tool and dies. The in-house machining centres fabricate tool and dies. METAL CASTING The company also employ metal casting process using High Press Die and Ductile Iron Casting using aluminium or metal alloys. TRI-R PROCESS MAP TRI-R Inc. uses job shop processing because they are customizing metal processing shop. A job shop process creates the flexibility needed to produce a variety of products or services in significant quantities like in TRI-R they make different kinds of parts of vehicle/cars. Customization is relatively high, and volume for any one product to meet customer quality and service standards. The work force and equipment are flexible and handle various tasks. Typically, they make products to order and don’t produce them ahead of time. The specific needs of the next customer are unknown, and the timing of repeat orders from the same customer is unpredictable. Each new order is handled as a single unit–as a job. A job shop process primarily involves the use flexible flow strategy, with resources organized around the process. Most jobs have a different sequence of processing steps. The job shop is organized by process, where assembly lines or continuous flow operations are organized in a product layout. In the latter layout, equipment or work processes are arranged according to the exact steps in which the product is made and the path for each part resembles a straight line. And also TRI-R is using Product Layout processing because the layout of equipment and processes in the workstations are distributed around the needs of the end product. Each station is given a small task to complete in a certain sequence. Because according to the information that I’ve obtained TRI-R is using Product Engineering, according to the definition of Product Engineering it is the process of designing and developing a device, assembly, or system such that it is produced as an item for sale through some production manufacturing process. So that, it became my basis to say that they’re using product layout. Also they are using assembly line of production because the automobiles parts that they are processing are added as the semi-finished assembly moves from work station to work station where the parts are added in sequence until the final product is produced.

Cause and Effect ESSAY

Someone might get jealous because another person has more money then him or her. Material objects are something that everyone wants to have in life and when one has more than another, seeking revenge can be a way to show jealousy. Having great success over another can be a reason why one seeks revenge. When someone is seen and known because of their successes in life, it is natural to feel jealous of that person. Some people may go to the extreme of seeking revenge on those who have greater success because they are jealous of what they don’t have, or are unable to succeed. Seeing that someone has a successful marriage life may also be a reason why one feels the need to seek revenge. Everyone aspires to have a successful marriage in life and many people get jealous of those who have that. This may be a reason why they feel the need to seek revenge. Alongside jealousy, self-satisfaction is another reason why an individual CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY2 may seek revenge. The feeling of having done something to another may feel good and satisfying to some. Having sought revenge on someone makes the revenger feel good. It may make them feel like they have the upper hand in the situation. The revenger may also feel like they have done the right thing making them feel good about it. Depending on how severe the revenge is, one may think its okay and that can make them feel satisfied. Having satisfaction of finally ending something that may have been ongoing for some time may also make the revenger feel good. Settling something between two people may be a reason why one would feel good about going after revenge. Pay back can also be a reason for seeking vengeance. Someone may feel the need to get even with another due to the fact that he or she has taken something from the revenger. When something is taken from another person, one may feel the need to seek pay back toward that individual. Pay back can also occur due to the fact that an opportunity is taken away from someone and they feel that it should have been given to them. Many people loose important job positions to other people. This can result in the revenger feeling the need to get even with the person who is given the opportunity. Jealousy, payback and satisfaction are all reason why someone would seek revenge. Getting back at someone for taking something from you, or feeling good CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY 3 about getting back at someone, are all reasons why people in todays society seek revenge. There is good revenge and bad revenge and either one may result in broken hearts, lifelong distress, and lost dreams. Cause and Effect Essay Always negative thinking B. Be pessimistical C. Depressed II. Have many problems A. Tend to be alone B. No interaction with other C. Hate the society III. Dissapointed A. Broken heart B. Lost hopes C. Commit suicide ESSAY SOME BAD EFFECTS TOO SERIOUS TO FACE THIS LIFE Stress is a mentally or emotionally bad condition occuring because of difficult pressures. Many people especially who lived in a big city suffer everyday from stress and its effects. Day to day the amount of people that feel stress increase significantly, perhaps its because the condition that getting worst. However, too serious to face this life which is being stress has some bad effects especially effects to psycholigical condition. The first psychological effect of being stress is can not feel relax. The people who feel stress will always feel uncomfort with anything in their life. They will feel nerveous with no obvious reason. Second is they will feel have many problems. It happens because they always negative thinking so that everything that they do will seem so hard. The third is they will dissaponted. They will feel that their life is over because too many failure. It happens because they always be pessimistical. So stress can give so many bad effects for the people who feel it. Besides those psychological effects, stress also causes another psychological effects. One of the effect is the development of feel have many problems. They also tend to be alone, have no interaction with other and the worst effect is they will hate society. They tend to be alone because they feel there is no benefit of sharing to other and it makes them do not want to have an interaction with other. As a result they will hate the society. Another effect that related to the effect of dissapointed are they will feel broken heart, lost their hopes and commit suicide. They feel broken heart because too many failure happen in their life, its also make them lost their hopes. Finally, because of those bad effects they will commit suicide. It is so ironic. In short, stress make some bad effects in our life like always feel uncomfort with anything, have many problems in their life and feel dissapointed with the condition. So we can manage our stress with not do the things like those what i mentioned in the beggining, its helpfull to avoiding stress. Color information: = general statement = thesis statement = transitional words = topic sentence = conclusion Cause and Effect ESSAY Someone might get jealous because another person has more money then him or her. Material objects are something that everyone wants to have in life and when one has more than another, seeking revenge can be a way to show jealousy. Having great success over another can be a reason why one seeks revenge. When someone is seen and known because of their successes in life, it is natural to feel jealous of that person. Some people may go to the extreme of seeking revenge on those who have greater success because they are jealous of what they don’t have, or are unable to succeed. Seeing that someone has a successful marriage life may also be a reason why one feels the need to seek revenge. Everyone aspires to have a successful marriage in life and many people get jealous of those who have that. This may be a reason why they feel the need to seek revenge. Alongside jealousy, self-satisfaction is another reason why an individual CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY2 may seek revenge. The feeling of having done something to another may feel good and satisfying to some. Having sought revenge on someone makes the revenger feel good. It may make them feel like they have the upper hand in the situation. The revenger may also feel like they have done the right thing making them feel good about it. Depending on how severe the revenge is, one may think its okay and that can make them feel satisfied. Having satisfaction of finally ending something that may have been ongoing for some time may also make the revenger feel good. Settling something between two people may be a reason why one would feel good about going after revenge. Pay back can also be a reason for seeking vengeance. Someone may feel the need to get even with another due to the fact that he or she has taken something from the revenger. When something is taken from another person, one may feel the need to seek pay back toward that individual. Pay back can also occur due to the fact that an opportunity is taken away from someone and they feel that it should have been given to them. Many people loose important job positions to other people. This can result in the revenger feeling the need to get even with the person who is given the opportunity. Jealousy, payback and satisfaction are all reason why someone would seek revenge. Getting back at someone for taking something from you, or feeling good CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY 3 about getting back at someone, are all reasons why people in todays society seek revenge. There is good revenge and bad revenge and either one may result in broken hearts, lifelong distress, and lost dreams. Cause and Effect Essay Always negative thinking B. Be pessimistical C. Depressed II. Have many problems A. Tend to be alone B. No interaction with other C. Hate the society III. Dissapointed A. Broken heart B. Lost hopes C. Commit suicide ESSAY SOME BAD EFFECTS TOO SERIOUS TO FACE THIS LIFE Stress is a mentally or emotionally bad condition occuring because of difficult pressures. Many people especially who lived in a big city suffer everyday from stress and its effects. Day to day the amount of people that feel stress increase significantly, perhaps its because the condition that getting worst. However, too serious to face this life which is being stress has some bad effects especially effects to psycholigical condition. The first psychological effect of being stress is can not feel relax. The people who feel stress will always feel uncomfort with anything in their life. They will feel nerveous with no obvious reason. Second is they will feel have many problems. It happens because they always negative thinking so that everything that they do will seem so hard. The third is they will dissaponted. They will feel that their life is over because too many failure. It happens because they always be pessimistical. So stress can give so many bad effects for the people who feel it. Besides those psychological effects, stress also causes another psychological effects. One of the effect is the development of feel have many problems. They also tend to be alone, have no interaction with other and the worst effect is they will hate society. They tend to be alone because they feel there is no benefit of sharing to other and it makes them do not want to have an interaction with other. As a result they will hate the society. Another effect that related to the effect of dissapointed are they will feel broken heart, lost their hopes and commit suicide. They feel broken heart because too many failure happen in their life, its also make them lost their hopes. Finally, because of those bad effects they will commit suicide. It is so ironic. In short, stress make some bad effects in our life like always feel uncomfort with anything, have many problems in their life and feel dissapointed with the condition. So we can manage our stress with not do the things like those what i mentioned in the beggining, its helpfull to avoiding stress. Color information: = general statement = thesis statement = transitional words = topic sentence = conclusion

Colombian perspective Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Colombian perspective - Term Paper Example Political scientists have pointed out that economic inequality and political turbulence go hand in hand in order to create unequal prosperity. It is axiomatic that economical inequality gives birth of dissatisfaction among people of a particular country (Rapley 3). Inequality is multidimensional disease because research shows that inequalities may arise within the same country between various regions. For example, in China economic inequalities lies between urban region and coastal terrain due to difference in per capita income. Nobel laureate such as Amartya Sen has indicated that inequalities should be calculated in terms in terms of economic and geographic scale (Galbraith 160). Impact of economic inequalities is far less for developed countries like USA, UK and Germany in contrast to developing nations such as Brazil, India and other south Asian countries. The world has undergone various contingency period over the last 30 years due to various reasons such as Cold War between USA and Russia, currency crisis in Asia during 1997/98, terrorism, economic recession and recent euro zone crisis. According to financial analysts the meaning of instability has changed after economic recession of 2008. In now days instability means mankind could face period of adjustment in order to avoid situations like great depression (Smith 4-6). Political restructuring is a continuous process to resolve issues having importance in context of particular country. Political restructuring of Soviet Union had impacted the world severely in terms of creating new states and altering the economic dynamics of Russian Federation. Quintessentially economic hegemony of USA has impacted the direction of global stability for last 50 years while political instability of Middle East has disrupted stability of Asian countries (Ritchie, and Crouch 4). Giuseppe Sfligiotti has argued that price of clean

Management Metrics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management Metrics - Essay Example Some management systems can also be in place to offer effective and secure network, which is the backbone to any organization (Carter, Ulrich & Goldsmith, 2005). Effective achievement of organizational goals and strategies needs proper network management systems. In a bid to understand efficient and effectiveness in the network management systems, some factors are in consideration in the name of metrics. Metrics directly affects the bottom line of organizational management. There is no single metric which can be solely applicable in assessing the effectiveness of the management group hence the combination of several metrics is applicable. These metrics can undergo common review to gauge the overall effectiveness in the process of organizational goals achievement. Some common metrics in the line of organizational goals tracking includes complexity metrics for operational tasks, business impacts tracking metrics, and scale metrics (Nof, 1994). Network models are prone to change because of implementation of various applications and network technologies. The main network goal is to reap maximum efficiency. In order to achieve the required effectiveness, various metrics must be in place. The metrics in application also undergo timely review for the overall network efficiency (Hayden, 2010). Network assessment and the immediate impact in the running of the organization towards goal achievement is an important factor worth considering. Network availability, reliability and other impacts on organizational services and revenues depend on management metrics for direct tracking. Responsiveness in the process of network utilization also functions as an important metrics in gauging network performance in a given organization. In overall perspective, network management metrics can be easily broken down into three main sections, which comprises of cost, classic and

Law practice management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Law practice management - Essay Example The customer can also pay a USD 100 fee, for the first call for service. Ordinarily, the first hour of services will cost a customer not more than USD 250. The center will target its services at young customers, and will guarantee them the legal services help they need, before they say or do anything that may place then in compromising situations. Through the outlook, the center is reorganizing its traditional business, so that it can stand out from the crowd of legal service providers, towards pacing-up to the innovativeness adopted by different industries (Suskind 172). The group chose this legal practice area, following the increment of the sentiments of customers that the flexibility of legal services is low. Many legal services consumers have also expressed the sentiments that the costs of legal services is very high, and bulky, therefore many customers may not be able or willing to purchase the customized service packages offered by lawyers (Suskind 57). Through unbundling the legal services, splitting the different areas of service into component parts will help the center, in offering the different services in the most efficient manner. Due to this outlook, the lawyers at the center will not offer the services based on the undivided time of a single lawyer serving the wide range of the legal needs of their client (Suskind 59). The lawyers at the center will offer customized services to different clients, and some aspects served simultaneously for different customers, so that the center and the customer can reap from the economies of scale. The choice of this service line was also based on the fact that the unbundled services will be marketed in a relatively decentralized manner, and sold in a way which is similar to that of other service sectors like document processing and tax preparation (Suskind 157). Qn.2. The urgent legal services center will be characterized by the unbundling of the service packages offered by a lawyer. The unbundling of the servi ces into different component parts will help the different team members to offer the different services in the most efficient way possible. The center will offer its services to current and potential customers around the clock, which will increase the flexibility of service consumption (Van Zandt 1130). Though the adoption of a more flexible service delivery pattern, the center will exploit the potential clientele that are restrained from seeking legal services due to time and the costs of services. The marketing of the services of the center will be done through the lawyer-client relations developed after the formation of the center and those from the contacts of different lawyers. Through adopting this marketing outlook, the center will benefit from the diversity of social interactions, which will reach potential customers that the center or the different lawyers could not reach. The center will offer unbundled services to different customers, depending on the characteristics of t he services required by the given client. This outlook was chosen, because unbundling will be easier for comparatively routine services, where many personal issues or complex links are not involved (Van Zandt 1130). An example